Electro Plating
Anodising
Monday, February 24, 2014
Finishing Processes
Finishing Processes
Electro Plating
Electro plating is when a metal is placed into a container of water that has a electrical current going throught it, it sticks the dies and coating to it. It is the application of electrolytic cells in which a thin layer of metal is deposited onto an electrically conductive surface.It is the most commonly used form of protecting metals. it has a very aesthethical pleasing finsh when it is applied.
Anodising
Anodising is the general name applied to methods of treating metals, where the work piece is made the anode in an electrolytic cell, usually to form oxide coatings for the purpose of increasing the performance of the surface.Anodising is similar to elecroplating, where a sulpuric acid solution is the eletrolye and theelectrical current is passed through the solution is the effectivley build up layers of aluminiun.
Electro Plating
Anodising
Thursday, January 16, 2014
Metals Theory- REMEMBER!!!!!
- IRON
- STEEL
- CARBON
- IRON AND CARBON
Iron
Iron is converted from it's ore by heating. the result being the impurities or slag are removed from the furnace leaving a soft grayish metal behind once it is cooled. Iron is rarely used with out combining it with carbon as it gives it the extra strength. the results in the make up steel.
Steel
Steel is a mixture of iron and carbon. the amount of carbon in the material will determine the materials strength.Alloying with other metals enables specific properties that are enhanced.
Properties:
- Toughness
- Resistance to corrosion
- Strong
Carbon
Carbon is an element that is found in a range of materials. carbon can also be found in organic materials such as coal and diamond they are made up purely of carbon. The amount of steel has an effect on how hard and the strength of the metal but if more is added it can cause brittleness to the material.
Iron & Carbon
Iron is generally a soft and ductile metal which can make it not commercially useful. When carbon is added to the mix with iron the characteristics or properties change making iron a more useful material;
The increased the amount of carbon results in;
-the material becomes harder
-toughness reduces so can become brittle
-high carbon steel and medium carbon steel can be heat treated to increase the strength and the hardness of the metals.
Iron & Carbon
Iron is generally a soft and ductile metal which can make it not commercially useful. When carbon is added to the mix with iron the characteristics or properties change making iron a more useful material;
The increased the amount of carbon results in;
-the material becomes harder
-toughness reduces so can become brittle
-high carbon steel and medium carbon steel can be heat treated to increase the strength and the hardness of the metals.
Thursday, December 5, 2013
Wood Finishing
We finish timbers to:
Types;
Wood stain varnishs
Tantalizing- this is were wood timbers are impregnated with a preservative solution under high vacuum pressure in an industrial vessel.
- protect them from rottonig
- make them more aesthetically pleasing
Types;
Wood stain varnishs
- Varnishes- these have a polyurethane varnish combined with wood stain-it sits on the surface of the timber rather thean being absorbed into it.Each layer applied darkens the timber.
- Water based- these are resisted to fading and resisted to uv light. it is best appiled after sanding like a sealer
- Acrylic varnish- quick drying and non-toxic, avaliable in gloss, satin and matt finishes
- Exterior- this varnish is specially formulated microporous varnish - it lets the wood timbers breathe - mirco pours
- Polyurethane varnish- its a plastic coating
- Yacht - this is water resistance against sea and fresh water so is good from coating boats with.
- dansil oil
- finshing oil
- lisned oil
- teak oil
- lemon oil
- french polishing
- wax polishing
Tantalizing- this is were wood timbers are impregnated with a preservative solution under high vacuum pressure in an industrial vessel.
Thursday, November 28, 2013
Wood joints
Dowel Joints
Dowel Joints are a very common joint as they are alot better than a mortise and tenons.The ends of the rails or feet can be shaped to fit the curve of the legs before drilling holes for the dowels to be inserted.They are used to ensure accuracy. the dowels themselves are often made from a hardwood called ramin and come in a range of diameters from 4 - 25mm.
Finger Joint
Finger Joints are like dowl joints but is attacted to the parts that need to be joined. They look like combs and are fairly easy to make as there are no dovetail-type angles, the Large gluing area gives the joint its strenght. This joint is ideally suited to industrial situations where it is produced using machine tools.
Dovetail Joint
Lapped
There are two different types of Dovetail joints.one is the dovetail lapped joint, it is like the finger joint but are more dovetail like hence the name.Havling joints are often found in frame constructions. Wood of equal thickness is used for both parts of the joint. A dovetail halving is sometimes used instaed of a T-halving in situations where increased strenght is needed.
Mortise and Tenon
Corner mortise and tenon joints are used on tables and frount legs of chairs where two rails are joined to a single leg at each corner.the ends of the tenons are mitred where they meet inside the leg.
Haunched mortise and tenons are often used when joining corners of frames,or rails to the ends of legs.The tenon is offset to prevent it breaking through the end grai of the leg or stile. The haunch, which forms a small integral tongue on the tenon, supports the top edge of the rail.
Dowel Joints are a very common joint as they are alot better than a mortise and tenons.The ends of the rails or feet can be shaped to fit the curve of the legs before drilling holes for the dowels to be inserted.They are used to ensure accuracy. the dowels themselves are often made from a hardwood called ramin and come in a range of diameters from 4 - 25mm.
Finger Joint
Finger Joints are like dowl joints but is attacted to the parts that need to be joined. They look like combs and are fairly easy to make as there are no dovetail-type angles, the Large gluing area gives the joint its strenght. This joint is ideally suited to industrial situations where it is produced using machine tools.
Dovetail Joint
Lapped
There are two different types of Dovetail joints.one is the dovetail lapped joint, it is like the finger joint but are more dovetail like hence the name.Havling joints are often found in frame constructions. Wood of equal thickness is used for both parts of the joint. A dovetail halving is sometimes used instaed of a T-halving in situations where increased strenght is needed.
Doveltail Through Joints
theses are ideal for corners as its more asthetically pleasing, the tapered shape of the "tails" resist the forces applied to the joints when the drawer is in use.Apart from being a strong joint in some situations dovetails are used primarily their decorative qualities.
Mortise and Tenon
Corner mortise and tenon joints are used on tables and frount legs of chairs where two rails are joined to a single leg at each corner.the ends of the tenons are mitred where they meet inside the leg.
Haunched mortise and tenons are often used when joining corners of frames,or rails to the ends of legs.The tenon is offset to prevent it breaking through the end grai of the leg or stile. The haunch, which forms a small integral tongue on the tenon, supports the top edge of the rail.
Moulding Timbers
Steam bending
Steaming is an effective method of softening or plasticizing wood so that it may be molded for craftsman and industrial applications, such as the manufacture of furniture.
planks of timbers are placed in a room called a steam box then heat and moisture is applied making the fibres in the wood expand making it easy to bend or form with a mould or a jig. by clamping them all together. Once in moulds heated,and moisture added they are leaved outside to let the extra moisture evaperate ready to use the the outcome in furiture.e.c.t.
Vaccum bag
A form of laminateinting.
The layers of the veanear are placedon a mould and put inside a tought plastic bag (so it's harder to rip or tear) a vaccum pump is used to suck air from the bag and the bag is then suck down onto the veanears hold them firmly.
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Laminating
Sticking layers of timbers together to form a stronger timber. Its strong because it's glued together but the gain needs to run in different ways- opposite ways on different layers.
Other ways: instead of uses layers of wood stuck together with glue, people also have the use of aluminium sheet and a honeycomb shaped material glue together.
When wood is cut into thin Veaners it can be bent around a mould and formed into complex shapes. It would not be possible to produce many of the shapes made with a soild block of wood.
Steaming is an effective method of softening or plasticizing wood so that it may be molded for craftsman and industrial applications, such as the manufacture of furniture.
planks of timbers are placed in a room called a steam box then heat and moisture is applied making the fibres in the wood expand making it easy to bend or form with a mould or a jig. by clamping them all together. Once in moulds heated,and moisture added they are leaved outside to let the extra moisture evaperate ready to use the the outcome in furiture.e.c.t.
A form of laminateinting.
The layers of the veanear are placedon a mould and put inside a tought plastic bag (so it's harder to rip or tear) a vaccum pump is used to suck air from the bag and the bag is then suck down onto the veanears hold them firmly.
Sticking layers of timbers together to form a stronger timber. Its strong because it's glued together but the gain needs to run in different ways- opposite ways on different layers.
Other ways: instead of uses layers of wood stuck together with glue, people also have the use of aluminium sheet and a honeycomb shaped material glue together.
When wood is cut into thin Veaners it can be bent around a mould and formed into complex shapes. It would not be possible to produce many of the shapes made with a soild block of wood.
Monday, November 11, 2013
Manufactured Boards
Manufactured Boards
Hardboard
Made of wood fibre which is extracted from chips and pulp of the waste from wood. Also known as HDF (High Denstiy Fibreboard)
Uses:
-Some furinture
-Cabinates
-Counter tops
Thickness:
-3mm
Blockboard
Made of a compound wood board consisting of nearly square strips of softwood placed side by side and sandwiched between veneer panels, often of hardwood.
Uses:
-Shelves
-Tables
-Some doors
Thickness:
- 30mm
Chipboard
Made of different sides chips that are stuck together with glue.
Uses:
-Flooring
-Sheds
-Counter tops
Thickness:
- 18mm
MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard)
Made of hard and soft wood fibres stuck together with glue.
Uses:
-Kennel roof
-Sheds
-Flooring
Thickness:
-24mm
Plywood
Made of two or more layers glued and pressed together with the direction of the grain alternating.
Uses:
-Furinture
-Shelves
-Doors
Thickness:
-6mm
Hardboard
Made of wood fibre which is extracted from chips and pulp of the waste from wood. Also known as HDF (High Denstiy Fibreboard)
Uses:
-Some furinture
-Cabinates
-Counter tops
Thickness:
-3mm
Blockboard
Made of a compound wood board consisting of nearly square strips of softwood placed side by side and sandwiched between veneer panels, often of hardwood.
Uses:
-Shelves
-Tables
-Some doors
Thickness:
- 30mm
Chipboard
Made of different sides chips that are stuck together with glue.
Uses:
-Flooring
-Sheds
-Counter tops
Thickness:
- 18mm
MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard)
Made of hard and soft wood fibres stuck together with glue.
Uses:
-Kennel roof
-Sheds
-Flooring
Thickness:
-24mm
Plywood
Made of two or more layers glued and pressed together with the direction of the grain alternating.
Uses:
-Furinture
-Shelves
-Doors
Thickness:
-6mm
Thursday, November 7, 2013
Timber theory
Timber theory
Timbers is a general name for wood materials and comes in many types
-softwoods
-hardwoods
both are renewable only if people continue to plant them.
Softwoods
-Fast to grow
-Evergreen
-Grows in cold climates
-Commonly used
-Cost effective
-Easier to machine
-Get more trees grown than hardwood trees
(the quiker they grow the more cost effective they are)
Hardwoods
-Takes longer to grow
-More dense - gain
-Grows in hot climates
-Deciduious
-EXPENSIVE
-Very big
-Indiginious ( Native to country)
SEASONING;reduces moister
Air drying- it is where the timer is leaved out to dry on its own so natuarlly get dry. It costs less but can easily split or crack, and it extremly slow!
Kilm drying- it is wheretimbers get stacked up on each other and put into a kilm (oven) where we can control the heat that gets put into it.It can cost abit more as you are using heat to dry the timbers out.
Timbers is a general name for wood materials and comes in many types
-softwoods
-hardwoods
both are renewable only if people continue to plant them.
Softwoods
-Fast to grow
-Evergreen
-Grows in cold climates
-Commonly used
-Cost effective
-Easier to machine
-Get more trees grown than hardwood trees
(the quiker they grow the more cost effective they are)
Hardwoods
-Takes longer to grow
-More dense - gain
-Grows in hot climates
-Deciduious
-EXPENSIVE
-Very big
-Indiginious ( Native to country)
SEASONING;reduces moister
Air drying- it is where the timer is leaved out to dry on its own so natuarlly get dry. It costs less but can easily split or crack, and it extremly slow!
Kilm drying- it is wheretimbers get stacked up on each other and put into a kilm (oven) where we can control the heat that gets put into it.It can cost abit more as you are using heat to dry the timbers out.
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