Wood joints

Dowel Joints
Dowel Joints are a very common joint as they are alot better than a mortise and tenons.The ends of the rails or feet can be shaped to fit the curve of the legs before drilling holes for the dowels to be inserted.They are used to ensure accuracy. the dowels themselves are often made from a hardwood called ramin and come in a range of diameters from 4 - 25mm.

Finger Joint
Finger Joints are like dowl joints but is attacted to the parts that need to be joined. They look like combs and are fairly easy to make as there are no dovetail-type angles, the Large gluing area gives the joint its strenght. This joint is ideally suited to industrial situations where it is produced using machine tools.

Dovetail Joint
Lapped
There are two different types of Dovetail joints.one is the dovetail lapped joint, it is like the finger joint but are more dovetail like hence the name.Havling joints are often found in frame constructions. Wood of equal thickness is used for both parts of the joint. A dovetail halving is sometimes used instaed of a T-halving in situations where increased strenght is needed.

Doveltail Through Joints

theses are ideal for corners as its more asthetically pleasing, the tapered shape of the "tails" resist the forces applied to the joints when the drawer is in use.Apart from being a strong joint in some situations dovetails are used primarily their decorative qualities.

Mortise and Tenon
Corner mortise and tenon joints are used on tables and frount legs of chairs where two rails are joined to a single leg at each corner.the ends of the tenons are mitred where they meet inside the leg.
Haunched mortise and tenons are often used when joining corners of frames,or rails to the ends of legs.The tenon is offset to prevent it breaking through the end grai of the leg or stile. The haunch, which forms a small integral tongue on the tenon, supports the top edge of the rail.

Moulding Timbers

Steam bending
Steaming is an effective method of softening or plasticizing wood so that it may be molded for craftsman and industrial applications, such as the manufacture of furniture.
planks of timbers are placed in a room called a steam box then heat and moisture is applied making the fibres in the wood expand making it easy to bend or form with a mould or a jig. by clamping them all together. Once in moulds heated,and moisture added they are leaved outside to let the extra moisture evaperate ready to use the the outcome in furiture.e.c.t.

Vaccum bag
A form of laminateinting.
The layers of the veanear are placedon a mould and put inside a tought plastic bag (so it's harder to rip or tear) a vaccum pump is used to suck air from the bag and the bag is then suck down onto the veanears hold them firmly.

Laminating
Sticking layers of timbers together to form a stronger timber. Its strong because it's glued together but the gain needs to run in different ways- opposite ways on different layers.

Other ways: instead of uses layers of wood stuck together with glue, people also have the use of aluminium sheet and a honeycomb shaped material glue together.
When wood is cut into thin Veaners it can be bent around a mould and formed into complex shapes. It would not be possible to produce many of the shapes made with a soild block of wood.

Manufactured Boards

Manufactured Boards

Hardboard
Made of wood fibre which is extracted from chips and pulp of the waste from wood. Also known as HDF (High Denstiy Fibreboard)
Uses:
-Some furinture
-Cabinates
-Counter tops

Thickness:
-3mm

Blockboard
Made of a compound wood board consisting of nearly square strips of softwood placed side by side and sandwiched between veneer panels, often of hardwood.
Uses:
-Shelves
-Tables
-Some doors

Thickness:

- 30mm

Chipboard
Made of different sides chips that are stuck together with glue.
Uses:
-Flooring
-Sheds
-Counter tops

Thickness:
- 18mm

MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard)
Made of hard and soft wood fibres stuck together with glue.
Uses:
-Kennel roof
-Sheds
-Flooring

Thickness:
-24mm

Plywood
Made of two or more layers glued and pressed together with the direction of the grain alternating.
Uses:
-Furinture
-Shelves
-Doors

Thickness:
-6mm

Timber theory

Timber theory

Timbers is a general name for wood materials and comes in many types
-softwoods
-hardwoods

both are renewable only if people continue to plant them.

Softwoods
-Fast to grow
-Evergreen
-Grows in cold climates
-Commonly used
-Cost effective
-Easier to machine
-Get more trees grown than hardwood trees
(the quiker they grow the more cost effective they are)

Hardwoods
-Takes longer to grow
-More dense - gain
-Grows in hot climates
-Deciduious
-EXPENSIVE
-Very big
-Indiginious ( Native to country)

SEASONING;reduces moister
Air drying- it is where the timer is leaved out to dry on its own so natuarlly get dry. It costs less but can easily split or crack, and it extremly slow!

Kilm drying- it is wheretimbers get stacked up on each other and put into a kilm (oven) where we can control the heat that gets put into it.It can cost abit more as you are using heat to dry the timbers out.